The
Pan European Manifesto
Count
Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi, 1923
Europeans!
Europeans!
Europe’s
fateful hour strikes!
In
European factories weapons are daily forged to rend European men –
in European laboratories daily are brewed poisons to exterminate
European women and children.
Meanwhile,
Europe is playing with inconceivable levity its fate; in
incomprehensible blindness it does not see what is imminent; in
incomprehensible inactivity it can is without will against driving
the most terrible disaster that ever a continent met.
Europe’s
policy is heading for a new war. Two dozen new Alsace-Lorraine have
emerged.
One crisis triggers another. This can be performed daily by an accident – for example, by an attack or a revolt – the European war of destruction break out, our continent turned into a cemetery.
One crisis triggers another. This can be performed daily by an accident – for example, by an attack or a revolt – the European war of destruction break out, our continent turned into a cemetery.
This
war of extermination, the prepared European politics, shall in the
awfulness of World War leave far behind – like this the German –
French. Its element will be the air – poison the weapon – its
goal the eradication of enemy nation.
The main fight will be against the cities of the hinterland, against women and children. The defeated Nations are destroyed – the victorious mortally wounded from these mass murders emerge.
The main fight will be against the cities of the hinterland, against women and children. The defeated Nations are destroyed – the victorious mortally wounded from these mass murders emerge.
This
threat of war means the thorough destruction of Europe, its culture
and economy. Other parts of the world will take its place.
The
second danger, the answer is a fragmented Europe, is: the conquest by
Russia.
Russia
is related to Europe, as once Macedonia to Greece.
In
Philip’s throne no Greek believed in a Macedonian danger; because
Macedonia was then in confusion and anarchy.
But
Philip’s genius brought order out of chaos, and after 20 years, the
number of peasant people of Macedonia was strong enough the
fragmented civilizations of Greece prostrate.
Under
the leadership of a red or white dictator could Russia, by good
harvests, American and German capital
organization, again raise faster than Europe suspects. Then the fragmented and disunited small states of Europe would face some Russian world power whose area is five times as large as the entire European.
organization, again raise faster than Europe suspects. Then the fragmented and disunited small states of Europe would face some Russian world power whose area is five times as large as the entire European.
Neither
the small states of Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and the Balkans nor
disarmed Germany would then be able to repel the Russian rush. Rhine,
Alps, Adriatic would be Europe’s borders; until this limit falls
and Europe is a Western Province of Russia.
Against
this danger there is only one salvation: the European union. For a
united Europe, there is no Russian threat. Because it has twice as
many people as Russia and a much more developed industry. So is the
decision on Russian danger is not in Russia – but in Europe.
The
next two decades will be the history of the spectacle of a race
between the offer of unification of Europe and Russian
re-construction: Russia recovering from its economic disaster before
Europe agrees – as Europe must irretrievably for Russian hegemony
to expire; agrees Europe before Russia is restored – as Europe is
rescued from the Russian danger.
Thus
the freedom of Europe is in the hands of the Europeans.
The
third danger for Europe’s life is economic ruin.
Never
can the shattered economy of the disunited States of Europe remain
competitive against the closed economy of the United States of
America. For the European interim duties impede the price of
production. The parcels of European Economy are therefore condemned
by the non-European economic empire in America, Britain, Russia to be
crushed in the future, of East Asia as well – as shopkeepers of
trusts.
Chronic
crises undermined the European economy, increasing the distress,
misery and inflation – until finally the bankrupt Europe economy is
an American colony. This condition is the enslavement of Europe’s
workforce lead by American capital, which will escape all control.
Against
this danger there is only one salvation: merger of the European
continent to a duty association, abolition of tariffs between
European States and the creation of a pan-European economic area.
Any
other path leads to ruin.
Thus,
the fragmented Europe is a triple disaster contrary: the war of
extermination; the subjugation by Russia; economic ruin.
The
only salvation from these impending disasters: Pan Europa; the union
of all democratic countries of continental Europe into an
international group for a political administration union and economic
purpose.
The
danger of European war of extermination can only be averted by a
pan-European agreement to arbitrate; the risk of Russian rule can
only be averted by a pan-European defensive alliance; the risk of
economic
ruin can only be averted by a pan-European Customs Union.
ruin can only be averted by a pan-European Customs Union.
The
arbitration agreement secures peace – the alliance secures the
freedom – the Customs Union with the economy.
These
three points comprise essentially the pan-European program.
Pan-Europa
includes the peninsula between Russia, the Atlantic and the
Mediterranean Sea; to Iceland and the colonies the European states.
The large European colony, halfway between Tripoli and Congo, Morocco
and Angola Africa includes, could supply with raw materials at
rational management of Europe.
Russia
and England are Paneuropa neighbors. These two empires are viable
even without Europe – while the remaining States of the Hemisphere
are connected by their geographic location common destiny; condemned,
either jointly basis to go – or resurrected together.
From
many sides, the inclusion of England is required in the future Pan.
This claim fails because of the construction of the British Federal
Empire.
Never the Dominions would tolerate that England swing to another state system into closer relationship as to them; so that is the connection of the English kingdom of Pan-Europa obsolete. The connection of the British Empire Federal Pan-Europa to lapses by the impossibility to transform Canada into a European state.
The consequence of this challenge in America would be the connection of Canada in the Pan American Union and the disintegration of the British Empire.
Never the Dominions would tolerate that England swing to another state system into closer relationship as to them; so that is the connection of the English kingdom of Pan-Europa obsolete. The connection of the British Empire Federal Pan-Europa to lapses by the impossibility to transform Canada into a European state.
The consequence of this challenge in America would be the connection of Canada in the Pan American Union and the disintegration of the British Empire.
Thus, a
merger between the Pan-Europa and Pan-British states the league is
currently impossible. Good, but a global political cooperation
between these two complexes possible and necessary, in the interests
of peace and of progress. In no case may Pan-Europa be directed
against England.
Also,
the inclusion of Russia in the Pan-Europa is currently impossible. A
merger between democratic states on the one hand and Soviet on the
other hand is impractical. Through the rejection of democracy, Russia
has voluntarily renounced the European states system.
Even
against Russia Pan-Europa has no hostile attitude. The goal is to
preserve the Russo – European peace,
joint disarmament, economic cooperation and respect for the mutual inner development.
joint disarmament, economic cooperation and respect for the mutual inner development.
Is
Pan-Europa created, so it may be an equal global power with America,
Britain, Russia and East Asia, a new close League of Nations, in
which no part of the world need to be afraid of foreign interference.
Only such a world alliance could the United States of America and the
Soviet Union join.
As an
independent group within the League of Nations Pan-Europa would have
the ability to control its own destiny, rather than as this is
happening today in Geneva to have to leave the most important
European decisions Latin Americans and Asians. The American Monroe
Doctrine is finally, after a hundred years, becoming a European
comparable: “Europe for the Europeans!”
The
pan-European program forms an indivisible whole. The path is divided
– the target uniformly. Without a backup of European permanent
peace is a European customs union impossible. As long as each state
lives in constant fear of its neighbors, it must be prepared to
produce all the necessary goods like a besieged fortress even in the
event of war.
This requires national industries and protective tariffs. Only a disappearance of the threat of war by compulsory arbitration requirement would open the way for European States to the reduction of customs barriers and the transition to the European Free Trade.
Conversely the form of national industries and their protection by the state is a hotbed of European nationalism and a threat to the European Peace. Community of interest, however, is the surest path to political community. To support the political part of the Pan-European program of economic and vice versa.
This requires national industries and protective tariffs. Only a disappearance of the threat of war by compulsory arbitration requirement would open the way for European States to the reduction of customs barriers and the transition to the European Free Trade.
Conversely the form of national industries and their protection by the state is a hotbed of European nationalism and a threat to the European Peace. Community of interest, however, is the surest path to political community. To support the political part of the Pan-European program of economic and vice versa.
The
path to the realization of Pan-Europe is as follows:
First,
grouping of European countries according to the Pan-American pattern
; this would be possible either within the League of Nations (after
Germany’s accession) or by convening a pan-European conference on
the pattern of the Pan-American.
Second,
completion of mandatory arbitration agreements and mutual border
guarantees between the states of Europe.
Third,
defensive alliance for the protection of the common eastern border.
Fourth,
initiation of a customs union by periodic conferences of the European
states.
This
program, which contains nothing impossible, should be taken without
delay of any attack, Europe’s position is it wants to recognize and
save the continent.
The
first step to solving the European question is: whose reeling. The
dangers that threaten our continent, not combated enough because they
can not be detected sufficiently. The political education is the way
to political rebirth.
Because
ninety percent of all Europeans want from politics nothing more than
the preservation of peace and freedom and the increase of prosperity.
When they realize that the present policy of peace, freedom and
prosperity is life-threatening and constantly threatened, they will
leave this slippery slope and look for another political setting.
Since a
reeling of the European question inevitably leads to their solution,
it is not provided by the policy – but embezzled.
One can
not blame the governments that they respond to the European question
wrong, but that they do not provide the same.
While
the social question with law is discussed everywhere every day: in
the press and Parliament, literature and family – is the second
life question simply hushed up for 300 million Europeans.
The
European question is:
“Is it possible that 25 states live on the small European peninsula in international anarchy next to each other without this state ending with a terrible political, economic and cultural disaster ? ”
“Is it possible that 25 states live on the small European peninsula in international anarchy next to each other without this state ending with a terrible political, economic and cultural disaster ? ”
Anti-Europeans
answer that question by saying that this previously was possible.
This
response ignores the facts. For in the twentieth century, all the
requirements for the previous particularism have changed Europe
fundamentally.
The old
Europe had world domination. Outwardly sure it could afford the
luxury of internal wars without danger to life. In the twentieth
century that European world domination collapsed. Asia awoke under
Japanese leadership. America outperformed all European states, Russia
has been solved by the introduction of the Sovietism of Europe,
England has come from a major European power to head an
intercontinental world power whose focus is in the Indian Ocean.
This
growing organization of the non-European world into mighty empires is
the growing disorganization of the European World over. Here the
fragmentation has made further progress by the war. In Central
Europe, two Great Powers fell to a number of smaller states to make
room. So Europe is forced out of the center of the world, once the
subject of world politics – it has become their object: weakened,
wounded, destitute, torn.
A
recovery of European world domination is impossible; but it is
possible, by combining the European
States to unite this continent, as a fifth world power and save the peace, freedom and prosperity of Europeans.
States to unite this continent, as a fifth world power and save the peace, freedom and prosperity of Europeans.
The
advances of technology have made a return of Europe of the last
century impossible. The steel war of the past, the nations only
weakened – the gas war of the future would destroy them. Also, car
and Railroad, airship and radio, European distances have
decreased so much that today’s Europe has become relatively smaller
than the Italy of the Renaissance.
This
coming together of all European countries, the community of
interests, has also multiplied their opposites.
Thanks
to the technology, the interests of neighboring European countries
today are so entwined that they have only the choice between enmity
and alliance; indifferent neighborhood has become impossible.
So the
whole European question culminates in either – or:
War –
or peace!
Anarchy – or organization!
Arms race – or teardown!
Competition – or cooperation!
Collapse – or merger!
Anarchy – or organization!
Arms race – or teardown!
Competition – or cooperation!
Collapse – or merger!
No
Europeans will be able to dodge this decision. Before making that
decision neutrality is treason. Who is not Pan-European – is
anti-European!
Who
does not, sees the dangers to which the fragmented Europe politically
opposed to, is blind; but who sees these dangers and still does not
doing anything to avert them – is a traitor and criminal to Europe;
he sacrifices his convenience or his profit, the future of his
children, his nation, his culture; he is complicit in all the
disasters that must befall Europe, if he holds on to its present
course.
The
answer to the question of Europe, the future of Europe depends. This
answer is in the hands of the Europeans. We live in democratic
countries and are responsible for the policies of our governments.
They have no right to criticize us, to limit, but duty to
participate, in shaping our political destiny.
If the
peoples of Europe want – Pan-Europa will arise: you just need her
voice, all candidates and parties to fail, the external program is
anti-European. So every European can participate in the demise – or
at the resurrection of Europe!
The
majority of Europeans do not see the decision to which it revolves,
and the responsibility that weighs on them. Demagogic phrases have
made large masses of Europeans blind: blind to today’s chaos
– oblivious to the impending disaster – Blind to the blindness of
their leader.
Others
are falling back into hopeless inactivity; abandonment has done to
the political initiative and left lunatics, the headless race against
the abyss, and pull the mindless masses along with them into
perdition.
These
two groups of Europeans; the blind and the lame, it is important to
shake. One wants to see the others learn. It is imperative political
knowledge – to arouse political will here.
Over
and over again the simple truth is to be repeated: A fragmented
Europe leads to war, oppression,
Misery, a united Europe to peace, freedom, prosperity!
Misery, a united Europe to peace, freedom, prosperity!
Once
this either-or in its full meaning is clear to the Europeans – then
everyone likes to choose which of these two paths they want to go:
the path of European anarchy – or the way the European
organization; the path of Death – or the way of life.
The
struggle for Pan-Europe will be tough and bitter. It requires faith,
perseverance, determination. It revolves around more than about the
fate of a party, a government: It revolves around to be or not of
European humanity!
The
leaders of the anti-Europeans are tough and devious. You will always
find new keywords to combat Europe.
They are the pan-European initiative to push their enemies – to prevent the merger; they are ancillary questions pushed to the fore – to bypass the main question; they will hide behind the idea of a World Federation – to thwart Pan-Europa; they are finally trying to stamp Pan-Europa as utopia, then, with an expression heartfelt sympathy, refuse.
They are the pan-European initiative to push their enemies – to prevent the merger; they are ancillary questions pushed to the fore – to bypass the main question; they will hide behind the idea of a World Federation – to thwart Pan-Europa; they are finally trying to stamp Pan-Europa as utopia, then, with an expression heartfelt sympathy, refuse.
Let
you, Europeans, not be deterred by such maneuvers! Answer them, that
every people in with the Europeanization must begin, as none can
begin at the other. And that it will one day be no higher honor for a
European people, as: to have been first known to Pan-Europa.
Reply
to those who reject Pan-Europa because of its limitations, that it
can not wait for the collapse of the British or the Democratization
of the Russian Empire.
But that Pan-Europa is alive and organic as any political entity and that its future union with Russia or England is not impossible.
But that Pan-Europa is alive and organic as any political entity and that its future union with Russia or England is not impossible.
Reply
to those who make a change in the current boundaries as a condition
of a new Europe that a shift of these limits only by general war and
ruin is possible – during their degradation in national, strategic
and economic ways performs minority protection, arbitration agreement
and Customs Union to peace and prosperity; that stable borders in
Europe are possible – but reasonable limits impossible.
Reply
to those who reject Pan-Europa on behalf of the Alliance, that only
Pan-Europa is the way to replace the League of Nations and Russia and
America to open the gate in the same.
The fact that Europe is only a precursor, not unlike the world League and that what is desirable only to the extent possible ie policy.
The fact that Europe is only a precursor, not unlike the world League and that what is desirable only to the extent possible ie policy.
Reply
finally those who want to stamp Pan-Europa a utopia that no great
historical event before its emergence escaped on charges of utopia.
But Pan-Europa is not a utopia, because no natural law of its
realization in the way: Only the will of Europeans can thwart it –
only the will of the Europeans can do it!
Reply,
then, those who ask you if Pan-Europa will arise – or not: “It is
when you want! If you do badly,
want energetic and persevering! This is not to question whether it will be built – but, that it may arise – and so be built. Because we are not astrologers – but politicians; not prophets – but fighters “!
want energetic and persevering! This is not to question whether it will be built – but, that it may arise – and so be built. Because we are not astrologers – but politicians; not prophets – but fighters “!
For
this struggle for Europe, I call on all, in the possibility and the
necessity of the United States of Europe, believe; but a program –
for the Pan-Europa is no utopia; not a dream – but a demand!
Against
this great goal disappear the contrasts of the nation, religion and
party: first must be a house built before the dispute over the
wallpaper begins!
So like
parties, and denominations their opposites in domestic politics
unsubscribe – in foreign policy they must be united in the struggle
against the enemies of the European idea. Pan-Europa victory – so
the web is free to solve all social and cultural issues; subject
Pan-Europa – then do all the other questions of themselves, as in
an old man, a mass grave, Europe will be a pile of rubble – a
cemetery of a once thriving culture.
Only
through unity can the Pan-Europeans of all tongues triumph over the
discordant anti-Europeans in their chauvinism and fight each other.
The
weapons in the struggle for Pan-Europa are:
Enlightenment and Propaganda. A resolute and staunch Pan-European is considered more than a thousand weaklings and doubters. Because of the faith and advertising power of the first Pan-Europeans depends the victory of the idea.
Enlightenment and Propaganda. A resolute and staunch Pan-European is considered more than a thousand weaklings and doubters. Because of the faith and advertising power of the first Pan-Europeans depends the victory of the idea.
Why
throw, Europeans, the European question in all debates; at home and
among friends, in clubs and assemblies, in the press and in the
literature! Forcing your fellow human beings to decide for or against
the European idea! Open their eyes, and tear them out of their
indifference!
Make it
clear to all that this is about everything.
Are your opponents strong:You’re stronger!
Are they smart:You’re smarter!
Are they resolved: You’re more determined than them!
– They refuted everywhere, shows where their path leads! Debunked, their leaders as deceiver, and blind!
Are your opponents strong:You’re stronger!
Are they smart:You’re smarter!
Are they resolved: You’re more determined than them!
– They refuted everywhere, shows where their path leads! Debunked, their leaders as deceiver, and blind!
Those
who are anti-European from blindness – be clear eyed! They are from
insanity – fight! The it for profit and ambition are – destroyed!
For the sale and barter away your future and the future of your
children: There are no worse Traitors and criminals more dangerous
than them!
In this
struggle against blindness, madness and crimes of the anti-European
policy is your commitment: clarity of cognition and purity of will.
The
“Pan-European Union” is the organ of the Pan-European movement.
Admission is open to all, and save some of the Europe want: women and
men, associations and organizations. She puts her fellow fighters on
the duty to fight for Pan-Europa.
Everyone
struggles with the means at his disposal. Recruit new Pan-Europeans,
compel your candidates to the European Agreement program to confess!
Who can speak for the propaganda talking about! Who can pay for it,
pay! Who write for them can write!
Because
of the way to Pan-Europa says: Propaganda, propaganda, propaganda!
What
Comenius and Nietzsche dreamed – Kant conceived – Bonaparte
Mazzini and have wanted – the Pan-European movement should realize:
the United States of Europe!
In the
struggle for Pan-Europe, the roles are distributed so that the German
Pan-Europeans only against the German anti-Europeans – the French
Pan-Europeans against the French anti-Europeans, fight. Any other
tactic does more harm than good and increase chauvinism rather than
reduce it. Only when in a nation of European ideas against the
chauvinism is enforced, it has the right to wear it on the outside.
The
first Pan-Europeans should be aware that they are a million army
outpost in the struggle for the future decision of their continent.
The
Sign of the Sun Cross, which connects the sun of the Enlightenment
with the Red Cross of international humanity – will the
pan-European ideas triumph over all restrictions and inhumanity
chauvinistic destruction policy.
In this
sign the new Europe will grow, which already confess the best
Europeans.
Help,
Europeans prepare this great division between future and past,
between humanity and inhumanity, Enlightenment and delusion,
rebirth and destruction!
Given
the choice between War and peace, freedom and oppression, prosperity
and ruin, Europe will in its overwhelming majority in favor of
Pan-Europa decide.
He who
loves his nation, must Pan-Europa want!
He who
loves his family, must Pan-Europa want!
Who
loves himself, must Pan-Europa want!
Only a
European permanent peace for the future of European nations,
families, and people.
Close
to you, Europeans, the Pan-European Movement in the masses, rescues
Europe and your children!
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| Co-founders of Pan-European Union - Count Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove - Kalergi and Archduke Otto von Habsburg |
THE CONGRESS
Vienna , 4 - 6 October, 1926
 |
The Congress was attended by 2000
participants from 24 states
The walls of the Hall were decorated with portraits of
Kant, Napoleon Bonapart, Nietzsche,
Jan Amos Komensky, Abbe Saint-Pier, Mazzini and Hugo
The Congress was addressed by
Alexander Kerensky - The Former and last Prime Minister of Russia before Bolsheviks
Vice-President of the Congress
Prof. Ivan Shishmanov from the Kingdom of Bulgaria
 |
| Prof. Rumiana Koneva -the author of the Exhibition about Prof. Ivan Shishmanov |
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| The Chairperson of the Bulgarian Delegation at PACE Dr. Dzhema Grozdanova and President of PACE Jean-Claude Mignon during the opening of the Exhibition in Strasbourg, 2012 |
Pro Domo Sua :
 |
| Commemoration of 150s anniversary of Prof. Ivan Shishmanov, Vice-President of the the First Pan-Europa Congress in 1926, in Strasbourg together with Jean-Claude Mignon - President of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 2012 |
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| Dr. Otto von Habsburg and Walburga von Habsburg-Douglas in my office in Sofia, 10 October 2000 |
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|
Bratislava,
2006: Around the table -from the left : Prof. Josef Höchtl - European
society “Coudenhove-Kalergi” , Ms. Maria
Capone - MP, Rt.Hon. Philip Dimitrov – Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1991-1992),
Foreign Minister of the Republic of Macedonia Antonio Milošoski, Ventzislav Varbanov - Bulgarian Minister
of Agriculture (1997-2001), Latchezar Toshev, MP(1991-2005 and 2008-2013), Dr.
Nikolay Michaylov, MP (2005-2009)
|
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| Prince Nicolaos von Liechtenstein - Vice -President of European Society "“Coudenhove-Kalergi"in the garden of his home and Latchezar Toshev-MP, Liechtenstein, 2004 |
